Scott Humason
Chem 241: MWF: 8:30-930
Steam Distillation and Isolation of Essential Oils
Procedure:
Using an internal steam distillation method, collect about 30mL of distillate from 5 grams of ground clove in a 100mL Round Bottom Flask. Of the 30mL, separate the first 10mL from the second 20mL. Smell the difference, if the are different analyze separately.
Transfer water and product to centrifuge tube and spin it down in a centrifuge. This should form one droplet. If you already have one droplet, there is no need to do this step. Collect the droplet using a pipette. If no product is visible and sample has a smell, use 5mL of CH2CL2 (dichloromethane) and let it evaporate.
Once the product has been collected, determine the mass of the product and analyze it with an IR spectroscope.
Brief Summary of Experiment:
The goal of this experiment is to use steam distillation to isolate an essential oil. I chose cloves because of its inherent richness in oil most likely ability to get a sample without using dichloromethane to separate the sample. I was able to get a significant sized drop, mass its weight, and get an IR spectroscopic analysis performed.
Discussion of Results:
Amount of Essential Oil Collected = .0258g of Essential Oil Collected
Percent Yield of Essential Oil
grams of oil produced .0258g
------------------------------ = -------- = .0049 X 100 = .49 %
grams of starting material 5.238g
Identification of Essential Oil (IR Analysis):
See Attached Sheets
Analysis of Error and Quality of Experiment:
I believe that the room for error is considerably greater anytime the % of product produced is relatively small. I found that a fair amount of oil was attracted to the plastic of the pipette used to extract the droplet. This will certainly affect the weight measurement. This also affects the ability to cover the IR spectroscope's lens to get an accurate analysis. I feel that the quality of the experiment was largely validated by the IR analysis and matching it up with the online IR Database.
Evaluation of Greenness:
This procedure is relatively green, subtracting the energy to produce the heat and the tooling, except if dichloromethane is used to separate the product. Because I went out of my way to get the product to be produced without this step, I feel the greenness of the final product and the process to be environmentally reasonable.
------------------------------ = -------- = .0049 X 100 = .49 %
grams of starting material 5.238g
Identification of Essential Oil (IR Analysis):
See Attached Sheets
Analysis of Error and Quality of Experiment:
I believe that the room for error is considerably greater anytime the % of product produced is relatively small. I found that a fair amount of oil was attracted to the plastic of the pipette used to extract the droplet. This will certainly affect the weight measurement. This also affects the ability to cover the IR spectroscope's lens to get an accurate analysis. I feel that the quality of the experiment was largely validated by the IR analysis and matching it up with the online IR Database.
Evaluation of Greenness:
This procedure is relatively green, subtracting the energy to produce the heat and the tooling, except if dichloromethane is used to separate the product. Because I went out of my way to get the product to be produced without this step, I feel the greenness of the final product and the process to be environmentally reasonable.
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